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Concrete frame structure is a construction method which comprises a network of columns and beams to transfer the loads coming onto the structure to the foundation successfully. Wholistically, it forms a structural skeleton for the building which is used to support other members such as Floors, Roof, Walls, and Claddings.

Typical RC frame building
Fig 1: Framed Structure.

In this article, nosotros study the types, major components, advantages and disadvantages of physical framed structure.

Contents:

  • Type of Framed Construction
    • 1. Rigid Frame Structure
    • 2. Braced Frame Structure
  • Major Parts of Physical Frame Construction
    • 1. Columns in Framed Construction
    • ii. Beams in Framed Structure
    • 3. Slab in Framed Construction
    • four. Foundation in Framed Construction
    • 5. Shear Walls in Framed Structure
    • 6. Elevator Shaft in Framed Structure
  • Advantages of Framed Concrete Structure
  • Disadvantages of Framed Concrete Structure
  • Codes for Designing Framed Structure

Blazon of Framed Structure

ane. Rigid Frame Structure

These frames are congenital at the site and may or may not exist poured monolithically. They provide more than stability and resist rotations finer. The reward of a rigid frame is that they feature positive and negative angle moments throughout the structure due to the interaction of walls, beams, and slabs.

2. Braced Frame Structure

This frame structure resists lateral forces by the bracing action of diagonal members used to resist the sideways forces. The structure is braced by inserting diagonal structural members into the rectangular areas of a structural frame. Braced structural frames are more than efficient than the rigid structural frame.

Major Parts of Concrete Frame Structure

1. Columns in Framed Structure

Columns are an important structural member of a frame building. They are the vertical members which deport the loads from the axle and upper columns and transfer it to the footings.

Columns in Frame structure
Fig 2: Column in Framed Structure.

The loads carried may be axial or eccentric. Blueprint of columns is more than important than the blueprint of beams and slabs. This is considering, if one axle fails, information technology'll exist a local failure of one floor, but if one column fails, it can atomic number 82 to the collapse of the whole structure.

2. Beams in Framed Structure

Beams are the horizontal load-bearing members of the framed construction. They carry the loads from slabs and also the direct loads of masonry walls and their self-weights.

Beams in Framed Structure
Fig 3: Beams in Framed Structure

The beams may be supported on the other beams or may be supported by columns forming an integral role of the frame. These are primarily the flexural members. They are classified into ii types :

  1. Primary Beams - Transmitting flooring and secondary beam loads to the columns.
  2. Secondary Beams - Transmitting floor loads to the principal beams.

3. Slab in Framed Structure

A slab is a flat horizontal place that is used for covering the building from the above and provide shelter for the inhabitants. These are the plate element and carry the loads primarily by flexure. They usually conduct vertical loads.

Slabs in Framed Structure
Fig 4: Slabs in Framed Structure.

Under the activeness of horizontal loads, due to a big moment of inertia, they tin comport large current of air and earthquake forces, and so transfer them to the beam.

four. Foundation in Framed Structure

The sole part of the foundation is to transmit the load coming from the above columns and beams to the solid basis.

Fig 5: Foundation in Framed Structure

5. Shear Walls in Framed Construction

These are important structural elements in loftier-rise buildings. Shear walls are really very large columns because of which they appear like walls rather than columns. They take care of the horizontal loads like wind and earthquake loads.

Shear Walls in Framed Structure
Fig half dozen: Shear Walls in Framed Structure

Shear walls as well carry vertical loads. It's important to understand that they only work for horizontal loads in one direction, which is the axis of the long dimension of the wall.

6. Lift Shaft in Framed Structure

The elevator shaft is a vertical concrete box in which the lift is provided to move upwardly and down. These shafts help in resisting horizontal loads and likewise bear the vertical loads.

Elevator Shaft in Framed Structure
Fig 7: Elevator Shaft in Framed Structure.

Advantages of Framed Physical Structure

  1. Information technology is good in compression when compared to the other materials used for construction. Besides, the structure is good in tension also.
  2. Its resistance to fire is ameliorate than steel and then it is capable of resisting burn for a longer time.
  3. Information technology has a long service life with low maintenance cost.
  4. In some structures like piers, dams, and footings, it is the nearly economical structural textile.
  5. Information technology tin can be cast to whatsoever shape required, making it the most economical structural cloth.
  6. It yields rigid members with minimum deflection.
  7. The yield strength of steel is most 15 times the compressive strength of structural physical and well over 100 times its tensile strength.
  8. By using steel in concrete the cross-exclusive dimension would get reduced.
  9. Less skilled labors are required for erection every bit compared to other structural systems.

Disadvantages of Framed Physical Construction

  1. Information technology needs meticulous mixing, casting and curing, all of which affect the final force of the member.
  2. The cost of formwork used to cast concrete is relatively loftier.
  3. Information technology has low compressive strength when compared to steel which leads to large sections of columns/beams in multistory buildings, cracks development in physical due to shrinkage and the awarding of live loads is high.
  4. If concreting is non done properly, the steel starts corroding thereby losing strength and ultimately the life gets reduced. As well, the repairs are then very expensive and difficult.

Codes for Designing Framed Structure

  1. IS (Indian Standard) 456-2000
  2. ACI (American Concrete Institute) 318-89
  3. ICC (International Building Code) 2009
  4. NZS (New Zealand Standard) 3101
  5. Euro 2

Also Read: Structure of Steel Frame Structure Foundations, Columns, Beams, and Floors
Load Bearing Structure and Components vs. Framed Structural Organization